What is an income statement waterfall?

An income statement waterfall is a bar chart that walks from total revenue down to net income, with each step showing how much a cost or tax line removes (or adds). Subtotals — gross profit, operating income, pre-tax income — are anchored to zero so the cascade reconciles exactly to the bottom line.

How much of Biogen (BIIB) revenue becomes net income?

For TTM through Q1 2026, Biogen turned $9.86B of revenue into $1.37B of net income — a net margin of 13.9%. The waterfall shows where the rest goes: cost of revenue, operating expenses, non-operating items, and taxes.

What are Biogen (BIIB) gross, operating, and net margins?

For TTM through Q1 2026, Biogen reported a gross margin of 69.8%, an operating margin of 15.6%, and a net margin of 13.9%. Each subtotal in the waterfall corresponds to one of these margins.

Why does Biogen (BIIB) have such a high (or low) gross margin?

Gross margin (gross profit ÷ revenue) reflects how much of each revenue dollar remains after direct production costs. Capital-light software and platform businesses often show gross margins above 60–80% because their cost of revenue is mainly hosting and support. Hardware, retail, and commodity businesses show lower gross margins because raw materials and manufacturing costs are significant. The waterfall makes this visible at a glance — the size of the "Cost of Revenue" bar relative to Revenue is the gross margin complement.

What is the difference between gross, operating, and net margin?

Gross margin = (Revenue − Cost of Revenue) ÷ Revenue. It measures production efficiency. Operating margin = Operating Income ÷ Revenue. It adds operating expenses (R&D, S&M, G&A) and measures the profitability of core operations. Net margin = Net Income ÷ Revenue. It also includes interest, other income/expense, and taxes, and represents the shareholder take after everything.

Biogen (BIIB) Income Statement Waterfall

Revenue

$9.86B

Gross Margin

+69.8%

Operating Margin

+15.6%

Net Margin

+13.9%

Income statement waterfall for Biogen (BIIB) — TTM through Q1 2026

Net income: $1.37B

Margin breakdown for Biogen (BIIB) — TTM through Q1 2026

Line item	Amount	Running total
Revenue	$9.86B	$9.86B
Cost of Revenue	-$2.98B	$6.88B
Gross Profit	$6.88B	$6.88B
Operating Expenses	-$5.34B	$1.54B
Operating Income	$1.54B	$1.54B
Other Income / Expense	-$74.3M	$1.47B
Pre-tax Income	$1.47B	$1.47B
Income Tax	-$95.6M	$1.37B
Net Income	$1.37B	$1.37B

Revenue$9.86B
Cost of Revenue-$2.98B
Gross Profit$6.88B
Operating Expenses-$5.34B
Operating Income$1.54B
Other Income / Expense-$74.3M
Pre-tax Income$1.47B
Income Tax-$95.6M
Net Income$1.37B

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