What is an income statement waterfall?

An income statement waterfall is a bar chart that walks from total revenue down to net income, with each step showing how much a cost or tax line removes (or adds). Subtotals — gross profit, operating income, pre-tax income — are anchored to zero so the cascade reconciles exactly to the bottom line.

How much of Ciena (CIEN) revenue becomes net income?

For TTM through Q2 2026, Ciena turned $5.57B of revenue into $438M of net income — a net margin of 7.9%. The waterfall shows where the rest goes: cost of revenue, operating expenses, non-operating items, and taxes.

What are Ciena (CIEN) gross, operating, and net margins?

For TTM through Q2 2026, Ciena reported a gross margin of 43%, an operating margin of 11.2%, and a net margin of 7.9%. Each subtotal in the waterfall corresponds to one of these margins.

Why does Ciena (CIEN) have such a high (or low) gross margin?

Gross margin (gross profit ÷ revenue) reflects how much of each revenue dollar remains after direct production costs. Capital-light software and platform businesses often show gross margins above 60–80% because their cost of revenue is mainly hosting and support. Hardware, retail, and commodity businesses show lower gross margins because raw materials and manufacturing costs are significant. The waterfall makes this visible at a glance — the size of the "Cost of Revenue" bar relative to Revenue is the gross margin complement.

What is the difference between gross, operating, and net margin?

Gross margin = (Revenue − Cost of Revenue) ÷ Revenue. It measures production efficiency. Operating margin = Operating Income ÷ Revenue. It adds operating expenses (R&D, S&M, G&A) and measures the profitability of core operations. Net margin = Net Income ÷ Revenue. It also includes interest, other income/expense, and taxes, and represents the shareholder take after everything.

Ciena (CIEN) Income Statement Waterfall

Revenue

$5.57B

Gross Margin

+43.0%

Operating Margin

+11.2%

Net Margin

+7.9%

Income statement waterfall for Ciena (CIEN) — TTM through Q2 2026

Net income: $438M

Margin breakdown for Ciena (CIEN) — TTM through Q2 2026

Line item	Amount	Running total
Revenue	$5.57B	$5.57B
Cost of Revenue	-$3.17B	$2.4B
Gross Profit	$2.4B	$2.4B
Operating Expenses	-$1.77B	$623M
Operating Income	$623M	$623M
Other Income / Expense	-$142M	$481M
Pre-tax Income	$481M	$481M
Income Tax	-$42.6M	$438M
Net Income	$438M	$438M

Revenue$5.57B
Cost of Revenue-$3.17B
Gross Profit$2.4B
Operating Expenses-$1.77B
Operating Income$623M
Other Income / Expense-$142M
Pre-tax Income$481M
Income Tax-$42.6M
Net Income$438M

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