What is an income statement waterfall?

An income statement waterfall is a bar chart that walks from total revenue down to net income, with each step showing how much a cost or tax line removes (or adds). Subtotals — gross profit, operating income, pre-tax income — are anchored to zero so the cascade reconciles exactly to the bottom line.

How much of Steel Dynamics (STLD) revenue becomes net income?

For TTM through Q2 2026, Steel Dynamics turned $20.5B of revenue into $1.61B of net income — a net margin of 7.8%. The waterfall shows where the rest goes: cost of revenue, operating expenses, non-operating items, and taxes.

What are Steel Dynamics (STLD) gross, operating, and net margins?

For TTM through Q2 2026, Steel Dynamics reported a gross margin of 14.6%, an operating margin of 10.6%, and a net margin of 7.8%. Each subtotal in the waterfall corresponds to one of these margins.

Why does Steel Dynamics (STLD) have such a high (or low) gross margin?

Gross margin (gross profit ÷ revenue) reflects how much of each revenue dollar remains after direct production costs. Capital-light software and platform businesses often show gross margins above 60–80% because their cost of revenue is mainly hosting and support. Hardware, retail, and commodity businesses show lower gross margins because raw materials and manufacturing costs are significant. The waterfall makes this visible at a glance — the size of the "Cost of Revenue" bar relative to Revenue is the gross margin complement.

What is the difference between gross, operating, and net margin?

Gross margin = (Revenue − Cost of Revenue) ÷ Revenue. It measures production efficiency. Operating margin = Operating Income ÷ Revenue. It adds operating expenses (R&D, S&M, G&A) and measures the profitability of core operations. Net margin = Net Income ÷ Revenue. It also includes interest, other income/expense, and taxes, and represents the shareholder take after everything.

Steel Dynamics (STLD) Income Statement Waterfall

Revenue

$20.5B

Gross Margin

+14.6%

Operating Margin

+10.6%

Net Margin

+7.8%

Income statement waterfall for Steel Dynamics (STLD) — TTM through Q2 2026

Net income: $1.61B

Margin breakdown for Steel Dynamics (STLD) — TTM through Q2 2026

Line item	Amount	Running total
Revenue	$20.5B	$20.5B
Cost of Revenue	-$17.5B	$3B
Gross Profit	$3B	$3B
Operating Expenses	-$831M	$2.17B
Operating Income	$2.17B	$2.17B
Other Income / Expense	$3.1M	$2.17B
Pre-tax Income	$2.17B	$2.17B
Income Tax	-$572M	$1.6B
Net Income	$1.61B	$1.61B

Revenue$20.5B
Cost of Revenue-$17.5B
Gross Profit$3B
Operating Expenses-$831M
Operating Income$2.17B
Other Income / Expense$3.1M
Pre-tax Income$2.17B
Income Tax-$572M
Net Income$1.61B

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