What is an income statement waterfall?

An income statement waterfall is a bar chart that walks from total revenue down to net income, with each step showing how much a cost or tax line removes (or adds). Subtotals — gross profit, operating income, pre-tax income — are anchored to zero so the cascade reconciles exactly to the bottom line.

How much of Twilio (TWLO) revenue becomes net income?

For TTM through Q1 2026, Twilio turned $5.3B of revenue into $104M of net income — a net margin of 2%. The waterfall shows where the rest goes: cost of revenue, operating expenses, non-operating items, and taxes.

What are Twilio (TWLO) gross, operating, and net margins?

For TTM through Q1 2026, Twilio reported a gross margin of 48.7%, an operating margin of 4.9%, and a net margin of 2%. Each subtotal in the waterfall corresponds to one of these margins.

Why does Twilio (TWLO) have such a high (or low) gross margin?

Gross margin (gross profit ÷ revenue) reflects how much of each revenue dollar remains after direct production costs. Capital-light software and platform businesses often show gross margins above 60–80% because their cost of revenue is mainly hosting and support. Hardware, retail, and commodity businesses show lower gross margins because raw materials and manufacturing costs are significant. The waterfall makes this visible at a glance — the size of the "Cost of Revenue" bar relative to Revenue is the gross margin complement.

What is the difference between gross, operating, and net margin?

Gross margin = (Revenue − Cost of Revenue) ÷ Revenue. It measures production efficiency. Operating margin = Operating Income ÷ Revenue. It adds operating expenses (R&D, S&M, G&A) and measures the profitability of core operations. Net margin = Net Income ÷ Revenue. It also includes interest, other income/expense, and taxes, and represents the shareholder take after everything.

Twilio (TWLO) Income Statement Waterfall

Revenue

$5.3B

Gross Margin

+48.7%

Operating Margin

+4.9%

Net Margin

+2.0%

Income statement waterfall for Twilio (TWLO) — TTM through Q1 2026

Net income: $104M

Margin breakdown for Twilio (TWLO) — TTM through Q1 2026

Line item	Amount	Running total
Revenue	$5.3B	$5.3B
Cost of Revenue	-$2.72B	$2.58B
Gross Profit	$2.58B	$2.58B
Operating Expenses	-$2.32B	$259M
Operating Income	$259M	$259M
Other Income / Expense	-$129M	$131M
Pre-tax Income	$131M	$131M
Income Tax	-$26.8M	$104M
Net Income	$104M	$104M

Revenue$5.3B
Cost of Revenue-$2.72B
Gross Profit$2.58B
Operating Expenses-$2.32B
Operating Income$259M
Other Income / Expense-$129M
Pre-tax Income$131M
Income Tax-$26.8M
Net Income$104M

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