What is an income statement waterfall?

An income statement waterfall is a bar chart that walks from total revenue down to net income, with each step showing how much a cost or tax line removes (or adds). Subtotals — gross profit, operating income, pre-tax income — are anchored to zero so the cascade reconciles exactly to the bottom line.

How much of United Airlines Holdings (UAL) revenue becomes net income?

For TTM through Q2 2026, United Airlines Holdings turned $62.9B of revenue into $3.5B of net income — a net margin of 5.6%. The waterfall shows where the rest goes: cost of revenue, operating expenses, non-operating items, and taxes.

What are United Airlines Holdings (UAL) gross, operating, and net margins?

For TTM through Q2 2026, United Airlines Holdings reported a gross margin of 65.1%, an operating margin of 7.7%, and a net margin of 5.6%. Each subtotal in the waterfall corresponds to one of these margins.

Why does United Airlines Holdings (UAL) have such a high (or low) gross margin?

Gross margin (gross profit ÷ revenue) reflects how much of each revenue dollar remains after direct production costs. Capital-light software and platform businesses often show gross margins above 60–80% because their cost of revenue is mainly hosting and support. Hardware, retail, and commodity businesses show lower gross margins because raw materials and manufacturing costs are significant. The waterfall makes this visible at a glance — the size of the "Cost of Revenue" bar relative to Revenue is the gross margin complement.

What is the difference between gross, operating, and net margin?

Gross margin = (Revenue − Cost of Revenue) ÷ Revenue. It measures production efficiency. Operating margin = Operating Income ÷ Revenue. It adds operating expenses (R&D, S&M, G&A) and measures the profitability of core operations. Net margin = Net Income ÷ Revenue. It also includes interest, other income/expense, and taxes, and represents the shareholder take after everything.

United Airlines Holdings (UAL) Income Statement Waterfall

Revenue

$62.9B

Gross Margin

+65.1%

Operating Margin

+7.7%

Net Margin

+5.6%

Income statement waterfall for United Airlines Holdings (UAL) — TTM through Q2 2026

Net income: $3.5B

Margin breakdown for United Airlines Holdings (UAL) — TTM through Q2 2026

Line item	Amount	Running total
Revenue	$62.9B	$62.9B
Cost of Revenue	-$22B	$40.9B
Gross Profit	$40.9B	$40.9B
Operating Expenses	-$36B	$4.87B
Operating Income	$4.87B	$4.87B
Other Income / Expense	-$398M	$4.48B
Pre-tax Income	$4.48B	$4.48B
Income Tax	-$980M	$3.5B
Net Income	$3.5B	$3.5B

Revenue$62.9B
Cost of Revenue-$22B
Gross Profit$40.9B
Operating Expenses-$36B
Operating Income$4.87B
Other Income / Expense-$398M
Pre-tax Income$4.48B
Income Tax-$980M
Net Income$3.5B

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